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From Fresher to Supervisor: Why India's IT Sector Must Reinvent Apprenticeship Before the Pipeline Runs Dry

The Vanishing Entry Point Something structural is happening to entry-level hiring in India's IT sector, and it is being misread as a cyclical correction. IT majors like TCS, Infosys, Wipro, and HCL have all signalled reduced fresher intake over the past two years. The general explanation has been cautious client demand, global headwinds, and post-pandemic normalisation. That explanation is partially true and largely misleading. The deeper driver is AI absorbing the cognitive work that entry-level IT roles were built around — basic coding, data processing, initial testing, routine documentation, first-pass debugging. These tasks have not disappeared; they have been reassigned. The machine now does them faster, cheaper, and without the onboarding costs. From a company's quarterly perspective, this looks like efficiency. From the sector's five-year perspective, it is the beginning of a pipeline problem. Why This Is Not Just a Jobs Problem The instinct is to frame vanishing ent...
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Beyond Certification: Why India Needs a National Talent Management Architecture

India's Employment Paradox India's employment debate is increasingly defined by contradictions. Employers across construction, manufacturing, green energy, EV, and home services report persistent talent shortages even as millions of young people struggle to find stable employment. Apprenticeship enrolments are rising, yet internship programs continue to face low uptake. Industrial sectors are expanding, but many employers complain that graduates are not industry-ready. At the same time, libraries and coaching centres across India's cities and towns are filled with young people preparing for government examinations. These developments are often discussed as separate problems. They are not.  They are symptoms of a deeper structural issue: India has invested heavily in creating talent but insufficiently in mobilising, matching, and deploying it. The 11th Niti Aayog Governing Council Meeting, held on 11 June, focussed on the theme "Inclusive Human Development for Viksit Bh...
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Beyond Monsoon Forecasts: Building India's National Ecological Intelligence Framework

Introduction: The Limits of Monsoon-Centric Planning Every year, as the Indian Ocean monsoon nears the Indian subcontinent, India enters a familiar cycle. Economists release economic growth and inflation projections, agricultural experts estimate crop output, industry executives forecast rural demand, energy planners prepare for changing electricity consumption patterns, and journalists report these estimates and predictions spiking them with concerns about climate change and economic deceleration. At the centre of this annual exercise stands a single institution: the India Meteorological Department (IMD). This reliance on monsoon forecasts is understandable. India's agriculture, food prices, rural incomes, hydropower generation, water availability, and consumer demand remain deeply connected to rainfall patterns. Yet this annual ritual also reveals a deeper structural problem. India's economic planning remains disproportionately dependent on a narrow ecological information bas...
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Beyond Protectionism: A National Framework for Kirana 2.0 in an Era of Expanding Organized Retail

Recent months have witnessed a striking development in India's retail sector. According to an Economic Times report, published on 9 May, India's major organized retailers have accelerated store expansion across the country. Companies like  Reliance Retail, DMart, Trent, V-Mart, V2 Retail, Kalyan Jewellers, Titan, and others  opened the highest number of stores in three years, in FY26 — seeking to capitalise on a demand recovery and a clean-up of unviable outlets added during the post-Covid "revenge-spending" period. The report said that India's top ten retailers net-added 2,182 (+7%) stores in FY26, equivalent to six new stores a day. In comparison, they net-added 1,745 (+6%) stores in FY25. Retail leasing activity has also strengthened, and high streets are outperforming malls in several markets, and retailers are increasingly targeting Tier-2 and Tier-3 cities. Simultaneously, chains such as V-Bazaar are betting heavily on small-town India through hiring and exp...
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Beyond Delimitation: Rethinking Democratic Representation in India

The Wrong Question The national debate over delimitation has acquired a new dimension. A recent EAC-PM working paper (published on 11 June) proposes a significant expansion of the Lok Sabha while attempting to sidestep the political tensions that a straightforward population-based redistribution of seats would create.  The paper, titled “Constituency Size, Composition and the Case for Delimitation in India’s Lok Sabha (2009-2024)”, argues that a future delimitation exercise should not rely only on uniform seat division but identify constituencies where restructuring would have the greatest impact on representation and voter access. The advisory paper comes at a time when the central government has indicated that it plans to re-introduce the three bills in Parliament to carry out nationwide delimitation, increase the Lok Sabha’s sanctioned seat strength from 550 to 850, and reserve one-third seats for women in the Lok Sabha and state legislatures. Predictably, the discussion has set...
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